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INDONESIA
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan indonesia
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : 14124939     EISSN : 25027085     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Social,
Environmental Science Public Health
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia (JKLI, p-ISSN: 1412-4939, e-ISSN:2502-7085, http://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/jkli) provides a forum for publishing the original research articles related to: Environmental Health Environmental Epidemiology Environmental Health Risk Assessment Environmental Health Technology Environmental-Based Diseases Environmental Toxicology Water and Sanitation Waste Management Pesticides Exposure Vector Control Food Safety
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Profesi Kesehatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 14 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 12, No 1 (2013): April 2013" : 14 Documents clear
Hubungan Riwayat Pajanan Kromium Dengan Gangguan Fungsi Ginjal Pada Pekerja Pelapisan Logam di Kabupaten Tegal Sudarsana, Eka; Setiani, Onny; Suhartono, Suhartono
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 12, No 1 (2013): April 2013
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.12.1.34 - 41

Abstract

Background : Chromium(Cr) metal coating industry potentially contaminate the working environment and surrounding community as result of Cr dust which would endanger health of the employees, because exposure of Cr (VI) especiallythroughaerosol inhalation may resulted disruption on respiratory effects, carcinogenic, liver and renals. According to data on cases of renal disease at dr. Soeseloregional hospital of Tegal regency in 2011, there were 256 patients of renal failure. Preliminary test on the waste water revealed that metal coatings industriescontaining Cr levels between 2,77 mg/l to 17,95 mg/1, sediment averagedby 20,32 mg/kg of maximum 25.46 mg/kg, and in the air of production room averaged by 1,5769 mg/m3 of maximum levels in the air by 1,8433 mg/m3, so the researchers interested for knowing the relationship between chromium exposure history and impaired renal function on metal coating workers in Tegal regency. Methods : The research method was an observational research with cross-sectional approach, with population of Cr coating industrial workers in Talang sub-district of Tegal regency. Sampling was using nonprobability samplingtechnique with purposive sampling by total sample of 30 people (total population) with examination on the Cr content in urine, creatinine, urea in the serum and interviews as supporting data. Result : Results showed that there were 15 people (50%) with impaired renal function, and there is relationship between chromium exposure with impaired renal function on workers with correlation coefficient of 0,783 p = 0.00 with significant increase, the higher chromium content in urine the higher creatinine levels in serum. Results of diagnostic test depicted the urine Cr contents may lead to impaired renal function so it's quite good to be used as a screening test. Conclusion: Cr contents in urine of workers of chromium metal coating ranged from 6.00 to 110,0 mg/l, serum creatinine levels ranged from 0.71 to 1,53 mg/dl, urea levels in serum ranged from 11,40 to 32,70 mg/dl. Logistics test on workers with high level of Cr content in urine will lead to impaired renal function 1,087 times higher than duration of works in Crmetal coating. Keyword: chromium, urinechromium, serum creatinine level, chromium metal coating,impaired renal function
Efektivitas Unit Pengolahan Air di Depot Air Minum Isi Ulang (DAMIU) Dalam Menurunkan Kadar Logam (Fe, Mn) dan Mikroba di Kota Pekalongan Saleh, Rosmiati; Setiani, Onny; Nurjazuli, Nurjazuli
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 12, No 1 (2013): April 2013
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.12.1.75 - 81

Abstract

Background:The number of drinking-water-refill center were increasing only in quantity but not in providing the quality of water. Therefore it takes a special handling and attention, not only because the low-quality of water causing various diseases.The data from the Pekalongan City Health servic showed that only 13 of 55 drinking-water-refill center (24%) which have actively examined their sample water each month in bacteriological test, 3 of them (20%) proved to be unqualified. Furthermore, while for chemical examination, there were only 6 (11%) which actively doing it, and 2 of them (33%) mentioned as unqualified. After doing examination to the raw water, it was found that the content of Fe metal was 2.51 mg/1, Mn metal was 2.41 mg/1, the parameters found was beyond the standard. Methode:The kind of research held was explanatory research using cross sectional design. The sample was taken by proportional sampling. The number of samples was 35 refill centers.The data would be analyzed uding Chi-Square,pairedt-test,Kruskall Wallis, McNemar Test) and multivariate test (Logistc regression). Result:The results of this research showed that 23 samples (66%) had an unqualified Fe metal content with the average content was 0,34 mg/l, 19 samples (54%) had an unqualified Mn metal content, with the average content was 0.47 mg/1, 26 samples (74%) with The unqualified quality of E.coli. The other test carried out in the drinking-water refill, resulted that 25 samples (71%) had a qualified Fe metal content, the average was 0.29/1 and 22 samples (63%) had a qualified E.coli content.The results of Bivariate analysis showed that the condition of raw water, the equipment, the processing, the sanitation, the SOP compliance, significantly related to the decreasing of Fe, Mn metal content and E.coli (p. <0.05). While the results of the multivariate analysis from 5 variables, 1 of which were statistically proven that there was a asosiation relationship between raw water conditions and the decreasing E.coli with p= 0.02 with theOR(95%CI)= 2.238(1.299 - 67.645). The effectiveness of drinking-water-refill center management in reducing the levels of Fe, Mn and E.coli, with Fe, p= 0.00, Mn p= 0.04,E.colip= 0.00. is strongly influenced by the condition of the raw water, the condition of the equipment, and the processing. Keywords : The effectiveness of drinking-water-refill treatment, chemical and bacteriological quality
Perbedaan Efektifitas Desinfektan Amonium Kuatener 1% Dengan Fenol 1% Dalam Penurunan Angka Kuman Lantai Ruang Perawatan di RSU Kardinah Kota Tegal Krisanti, Erlina; Nurjazuli, Nurjazuli; Suwondo, Ari
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 12, No 1 (2013): April 2013
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.12.1.42 - 50

Abstract

Background : Number of germs on the floor at the treatment room of Nusa Indah was 17 CFU/cm2 (standard of Health Minister Decree: 5-10 CFU/cm2). The room of Nusa Indah is devoted to the care of patients suffering from infectious diseases. Floor disinfectant at Kardinah Public Hospital uses phenol in accordance with the Standard Operating Procedure. The objective of this research was to analyze the effectiveness differences between quaternary ammonium and phenol disinfectants in decreasing number of germs on the floor in the treatment room at Kardinah Public Hospital in Tegal. Methode : This research used Control Time Series Design. Independent variables were quaternary ammonium 1%, phenol 1%, and contact time (minutes) during 10, 720, 1440, 2160, 2880, and 3600. Meanwhile, a dependent variable was number of germs. Study population was treatment rooms at Kardinah Public Hospital. Samples were taken by using purposive sampling. Correlation test was used to analyze the relationship between number of germs after providing either quaternary ammonium 1% and contact time or phenol 1% and contact time. On the other hand, independent T test was used to analyze differences of number of germs in the first measurement after providing quaternary ammonium 1% and phenol 1%. Result : The results ofthis research revealed that number of germs after providing quaternary ammonium 1% in the 10th minute was equal to 3 CFU/cm2, and then it rose gradually in the next minutes. In contrast, number of germs after providing phenol 1% in the 10th minute was equal to 10 CFU/cm2, and then it also gradually increased in the next minutes. Furthermore, there were any significant differences in terms of the number of germs after providing quaternary ammonium 1% and phenol 1% (p value = 0.001). Conclusion : As a conclusion, disinfectants of phenol 1% and quaternary ammonium 1% are effective to reduce number of germs in the 10th minute. The treatment room needs to use quaternary ammonium 1% because it has a greater exponential value of concentration than phenol 1%. Amonium kuatener has the smell of fresh lemon. Moreover, it is more effective to kill viruses and fungi Key Words: Quaternary Ammonium, Phenol, Floor Disinfectant, Number of Germs
Faktor Risiko Pencemaran Mikrobiologi pada Air Minum Isi Ulang di Kabupaten Tegal Rahayu, Cecilia Sri; Setiani, Onny; Nurjazuli, Nurjazuli
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 12, No 1 (2013): April 2013
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.12.1.1-9

Abstract

Background : Water is a real absolute necessity for humans as well as fresh air and healthy food. Result of inspection of drinking water refilling quality in Tegal Regency at 2011 showed the existence of microbiology contamination, from 138 drinking water refilling samples, in which 67 samples (48,6%) did not meet the standard for MPN Coliform and E.coli.The purpose this research was to know microbiological contamination risk factor of drinking water refilling in Tegal Regency. Methods : Design applied was cross-sectional. Independent variable in this research was standard water quality, quality of filtration, quality of desinfection and the dependent variable was water quality drinks product from drinking water refilling station. Population at this research was drinking water refilling station in Tegal Regency which amounts to 197. Sampling in random sampling that sample was taken in random. Test Chi-Square applied to test the relation of microbiology contamination risk factor of drinking water refilling with microbiology quality of product water from drinking water refilling station. Results : The result of inspection of standard water quality, 36 samples ( 55,4%) MPN ineligibility Coliform and 12 samples ( 18,5%) ineligibility Ecoli. Result of inspection of water quality drinks product DAMIU, 32 samples ( 49,2%) MPN ineligibility Coliform and 10 samples ( 15,4%) ineligibility Ecoli. Result of observation quality of filtration, 31 samples ( 47,7%) with quality of filtration is not good. Result of observation quality of desinfeksi, 28 samples ( 43,1%) with quality of desinfeksi is not good.The results of the research showed there was significant association between quality of water microbiology standard (p-value=0,0001), quality of filtration (p-value=0,0001), quality of desinfection (p-value=0,0001) with quality of product water microbiology in drinking water refilling station Tegal Regency at 2012. Product drinking water from drinking water refilling station using ineligible standard water of MPN coliform had risk 5,6 times compared to using standard water. Product drinking water from drinking water refilling station with quality of filtration that was not good had up risk 34 times compared to if the quality of filtration was good Product drinking water from drinking water refilling station with quality of desinfection which was not good had risk 9,2 times compared to if the good quality of desinfection. Recomendation :The owners of the drinking water refilling station was obliged to guarantee water quality to drink produced by it is safe for health. Public expected to be more attentively in consuming water product from drinking water refilling station. Health Department needs more increases construction and observation to drinking water refilling station. Keywords : Microbiological Contamination of Drinking Water Refilling,Tegal Regency
Beberapa Faktor Risiko Lingkungan yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Malaria di Kecamatan Nanga Ella Hilir Kabupaten Melawi Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Ristadeli, Theresia; Suhartono, Suhartono; Suwondo, Ari
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 12, No 1 (2013): April 2013
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.12.1.82 - 87

Abstract

Background : Malaria is an infectious disease caused by a Plasmodium parasite. This disease is transmitted by biting of infected female Anopheles sp mosquitos. Inside human body, the parasite lives in a heart and infects red blood cells. Melawi District is an endemic area of Malaria. Annual Malaria Incidence (AMI) is an indicator to describe all occurrences of clinical Malaria at a region. At Sub district of Nanga Ella Hillir in District of Melawi, AMI in 2008 was 67.31 per 1000 citizens, in 2009 was 50.01 per 1000 citizens, and in 2010 was 73.99 per 1000 citizens. It means AMI increased from 2008 to 2010. The objective of this research was to analyze some environmental risk factors related to the occurrence of Malaria at Nanga Ella Hilir Sub District, Melawi District, Province of West Kalimantan. Methods : This was an observational research with a case control approach. Number of samples was 68 respondents for case group and 68 respondents for control group. Data were analyzed using the methods of univariate, bivariate (Chi-Square test and Odds Ratio), and multivariate (Logistic Regression test). Result : The result of bivariate analysis showed that the variables as risk factors to the occurrence of Malaria were: unvailability of wire netting at ventilation (p:0.001; OR: 10.5 (95% CI: 3.4 – 32.3)), availability of pond (p: 0.016; OR: 2.5 (95% CI : 1.3 – 4.9), availability of bush at surrounding a house (p: 0.026 ; OR: 5.4 (95% CI: 2.5-11.4)), availability of livestock (p:0.001; OR: 4.0 (95%CI: 2.0-8.3)), availability of stagnant water (p=0.009; OR: 2.7 (95% CI: 1.3-5.4)), habit of installing mosquito net (p: 0.017; OR: 2.6 (95%CI: 1.2-5.5)), and custom to go outdoors at night (p:0.001; OR: 5.2 (95%CI: 2.4 – 11.1)). In addition, multivariate analysis showed that probability of a person to suffer from Malaria at the conditions: no wire netting at ventilation, any pond around a house, any livestock, any stagnant water, no mosquito net, and any habit to go outdoors at night is approximately equal to 71%. Key Words : Malaria, Environmental Risk Factors, Nanga Ella Hilir, Melawi District
Hubungan Kondisi Lingkungan Rumah, Sosial Ekonomi, dan Perilaku Masyarakat Dengan Kejadian Filariasis di Kecamatan Pekalongan Selatan Kota Pekalongan Windiastuti, Ike Ani; Suhartono, Suhartono; Nurjazuli, Nurjazuli
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 12, No 1 (2013): April 2013
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.12.1.51 - 57

Abstract

Filariasis is a disease caused by filarial worms and transmitted by mosquito as vector. Indonesia is an endemic for filariasis with Mf-rate of 3.1%, while Mf-rate in Pekalongan was 3.58 % in year 2010. In the year of 2012 there were no data Mf-rate but there was an increasing of filariasis cases, with the highest level in South Pekalongan district with 84 cases. Based on the preliminary surveys and information from District Health Office (DHO) Pekalongan, there were some factors for the transmission of it, including environmental and behavior factors. This research aimed to determine the condition of the house’s environment, socioeconomic and behavior associated with the incidence of filariasis in Pekalongan. It was an observational research using a case control design. The subjects was 80 cases  and 80 controls. Data was collected through laboraory examination, observation and interviews. Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate with chi-square and continued with multivariate logistic regression. The results of surgery mosquitoes found positive for mosquito larvae of filaria. Statistical analysis found 4 (four) variables had associated significantly with the incidence of filariasis in Pekalongan, including breeding places of mosquitos (pvalue:0,006, OR:2,672 95 % CI:1,376-5,189), the resting places of mosquitos (pvalue:0,025, OR:2,170 95 % CI:1,146-4,107), out of the house habit (pvalue:0,010, OR:2,453 95 % CI:1,282-4,693) and the use of insect repellents (pvalue:0,006, OR:2,636 95 % CI:1,365-5,090). This study concluded that the environmental factors and poor people behaviors  influenced the incidence of filariasis, while the presence of wire netting, the type of works and income level did not affect the incidence of filariasis in Pekalongan. Key word : lymphatic filariasis, environmental factors, community behavior, Pekalongan city.
Kebiasaan Tinggal Di Rumah Etnis Timor Sebagai Faktor Risiko Tuberkulosis Paru Naben, Alice Ximenis; Suhartono, Suhartono; Nurjazuli, Nurjazuli
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 12, No 1 (2013): April 2013
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.12.1.10 - 21

Abstract

Background : Pulmonary Tuberculosis disease is a disease that can infect directly that is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that can be transmitted from patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis through spray of sputum mediated by the air. In the year 2010, the District of Northern Central Timor was ranked as the five for East Nusa Tenggara Province and had ethnic houses that if were viewed from healthy house requirements were very far from fulfilling the requirements. The purpose of this study is to view the habit of living in Timorese ethnic houses as a risk factor for tuberculosis. Methods : The type of study is observational with case control approach. There were 100 samples that consisted of 50 cases and 50 controls that were collected at random. Data from study results were then analysed in univariate and bivariate analyses using chi square statistic with conditional method. Results : of analyses on 8 variables, there were 6 variables that had significant associations i.e. the habit of living in Timorese ethnic house (OR= 3,8; 95%CI= 1,6 - 8,7), area of ventilation (OR= 6,2; 95%CI = 2,5 - 15,7), cross ventilation  (OR= 4,2; 95%CI =1,8 - 9,7), the type of wall of the house (OR= 4,7; 95%CI =1,9 - 11,4), the type of floor of the house (OR= 3,7; 95%CI  The results of multivariate analyses showed that there were 1 variables that were dominant in causing pulmonary tuberculosis i.e. crowdedness of home (OR= 9,2; 95%CI= 3,5 - 24,5). Conclusion : that there is a relationship between the habit of living in Timorese ethnic houses, area of ventilation, the presence of cross ventilation, the type of wall of the house, the type of floor of the house and the crowdedness of home with the occurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis.   Keywords : Habit of living, pulmonary tuberculosis, physical environment of home, preventive practice.
Hubungan antara Riwayat Paparan Asap Rokok dengan Kejadian Ketuban Pecah Dini pada Ibu Hamil di RSUD Dr. H. Soewondo Kendal Muntoha, Muntoha; Suhartono, Suhartono; Wahyuningsih, Nur Endah
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 12, No 1 (2013): April 2013
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.12.1.88 - 93

Abstract

Background : The incidence of maternal mortality were caused by bleeding, eclampsia, bleeding before labor and infection. One of the triggering factors caused the onset of infection was premature rupture (PR). It defined as the rupture of amniotic membrane without uterus contractions and labor signs. The strength of amniotic membrane could also be disrupted due to the effect of nicotine of cigarette. The nicotine contained in cigarette was harmful to the pregnancies. The premature rupture rate in Indonesia was quite high. In Kendal regency the number of pregnant women who experienced in premature rupture in the year 2011 was approximately 445 patients. Meanwhile, in January up to September 2012 the premature rupture cases reached about 542 patients. Based on the preliminary survey conducted on 7 premature rupture patients in dr.H.Soewondo hospital Kendal in October 2012 the data obtained 5 (71,4%) patients had a history of smoking husbands. Methode : This study purposed to know the most influential variable to the incidents of premature rupture in pregnant women in dr.H.Soewondo Kendal, Central Java Province. The design of the study used case control. The case population was pregnant women with premature rupture. Meanwhile, the control population of normal pregnant women and the sampling technique used accidental sampling. The collecting data used questionnaire, checklist and tool, rapid diagnostic cotinine test. The data analysis used chi square test. Result : The result of the study showed the most influential variable to the incidents of premature rupture was the history of cigarette smoke exposure with value p = 0,00 and OR 23,188. Thus, it could be concluded that the history of cigarette smoke exposure was the most influential variable to the incidents of the premature rupture than parity and polyhidramnion history. Keywords  : the cigarette smoke exposure, premature rupture, cotinine, polyhidramnion.
Hubungan Paparan Merkuri (Hg) Dengan Gangguan Fungsi Tiroid Pada Penambang Emas Tradisional Di Desa Jendi Kecamatan Selogiri Kabupaten Wonogiri Hananingtyas, Izza; Suhartono, Suhartono; Nurjazuli, Nurjazuli
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 12, No 1 (2013): April 2013
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.12.1.58 - 63

Abstract

Background: Mercury was released in environment as a result of human activities such as the traditional gold mining industry. The activities of traditional gold mining used amalgam processes that cause negative effects of mercury which exposured to traditional gold miners. Chronic effects of mercury exposure  due to obstruction of iodine uptake by mercury in the body, so that it disrupt thyroid function. It was caused by inhibition of secretion levels of T3 and T4, and  increased activity of TSH, as feedback synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormone. The purpose of this study was determine the relationship between mercury exposure with disfunction thyroid in traditional gold mining workers in the Village Jendi, Selogiri District, Wonogiri. Method:It was an observational research using cross-sectional design. The subject were 42 traditional gold miners in Jendi Selogiri Village, Wonogiri, which purposively selected. The instrument used  are questionnaires and laboratory analysis of blood and urine specimens. Data obtained from TSH, FT4 serum, Hg in blood, urinary iodine excretion, and measurement of nutritional status. Data would be analyzed using chi squar and regression logistic. Result: The research results showed that there was no correlation between level of  Hg in blood (p=0,800) , work period (p=0,101), work duration (p=0,594) and there was no different of disfunction thyroid by oocupation (p=0,853), with range of  Hg in blood 4,4 to 9,373 ppm. Conclusion: This study concluded that, there was no association between mercury exposure with disfunction thyroid in the traditional gold miners in Jendi, Selogiri District, Wonogiri.   Keyword : mercury, thyroid disfunction, TSH, FT4
Hubungan Pendidikan dan Penghasilan Dengan Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat S., Tatang Roni; Ruhmawati, Tati; Sukandar, Denny
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 12, No 1 (2013): April 2013
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.12.1.22 - 25

Abstract

Background:The rapid development in the globalization were demographicand epidemiological transition, behavioral and lifestyle-based disease problems associated with behavioral and social culture tends to be more complex. The purpose of this research was to know the relationship betweenincome and education with the clean and healthy behavior. Methods:It was an observational reseach using cross-sectional design. The study population was 60 households muslim community who have children resident inSub District Sukamiskin village sub district ofArcamanik Bandung, while the sample is mostly housewives drawn from the population of 36 people with simple random sampling technique. The collected data was processed and analyzed for univariate, bivariate using Pearson Product Moment test and multivariate analysis using the path (path analysis). Results: There were 47.2% of respondents who had formal education at intermediate level, 25% had non-formal education (courses), 47.2% of them had finished 12 year of study.And 22.2% had non-formal education for at least one year. The respondents who had income more than 1 million/month was 30.6%, and 33.3% of them had  0.5 million additional income. Generally, they had good personal hygiene (hand washing, get a bath of 91.7% and 52,8% respectively). The respondent had a habit on opening the window of 44.4% and 77.8% had covered water container. Conclusion: Based on statistical analysis known that education ang income tend to have association significantly with clean and healthy behavior (p-value < 0,05). Keywords:Education and income, Clean and healthy behavior.

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